Table of Contents

Preface, David Woodward

Chapter 1: Introduction, David Woodward and G. Malcolm Lewis

Definitions

Cognitive Cartography

Performance Cartography

Material Cartography

Overlaps and Inconsistencies

Problems and Issues

Reversing the Marginalization of Maps

Chapter 2: Cartographic Content of Rock Art in Southern Africa, Tim Maggs

The Hunter-Gatherer Art

The Agriculturist Engravings

Conclusion

Cosmographic Maps

Mnemonic Maps

Solicited Maps

African Influences on European Mapmaking

European Influences on African Mapmaking

Conclusion

Chapter 4: Maps, Mapmaking, and Map Use by Native North Americans, G. Malcolm Lewis

Precontact, Contact, and Postcontact Maps

Native Words for "Map"

The Importance of Cosmography

Access and Conservation

Historiography

Approach

Terrestrial Maps in Rock Art

Rock Art of Cosmographical and Celestial Subjects

Northeast

Southeast

Far West

Great Plains and Canadian Prairies

Subarctic

Arctic

Cartographic Affinities between the Eurasian and American Arctic and Subartic  Regions

Concluding Themes

Introduction

What Is a Mesoamerican Map?

Historiography

Mesoamerican Maps and the Spatialization of Time

Types of Mesoamerican Maps

Continuations of Native Mapping after the Conquest

Conclusion

Andean Conceptions of Space and Geographic Relations: Past and Present

Rock Art

A Chronological Perspective on Andean Mapmaking in the Archaeological  Record

Inka Mapmaking

Conclusion

Theoretical Considerations

Native Celestial and Cosmological Mapping

Historical Reports of Indigenous Mapmaking

Europeans’ Inclusion of Native Information

Conclusion

Chapter 8: Traditional Cartography in Arctic and Subarctic Eurasia, Elena Okladnikova

Evidence of Mapping in Prehistory

Cosmographical and Celestial Maps

Terrestrial Mapmaking and Maps

Historical Accounts of Mapmaking (with Boris Polevoy)

Maps on Wood and Bark

Decorative and Trade Maps

Conclusion

Chapter 9: Icons of Country: Topographic Representations in Classical Aboriginal Traditions, Peter Sutton

Introduction

The Range of Artifacts

Concepts

Means and Interpretations

Rock Paintings and Engravings

Regional Examples

Conclusion

Major Collections of Aboriginal Maps

Smaller Scholarly Collections

Aboriginal Maps in the Land Claims Era: Nicholson River Land Claim

Mud Maps and Sand Drawings

Plans

Aboriginal Maps: Politics and the Law

Chapter 11: The Pacific Basin: An Introduction, Ben Finney

Chapter 12: Traditional Cartography in Papua New Guinea, Eric Kline Silverman

Social Life, Cosmology, and Politics in Melanesia

Are There Maps in Melanesia?

Melanesian Maps

Conclusion

Mental Cartography

The European Penetration of Remote Oceania

Early Charts Drawn by European Explorers and Missionaries

An Outline of Oceanic Navigation and Cartography

The Issue of Navigational Accuracy

Caroline Island Navigation and Cartography

Piloting by Swell Pattern Disruptions in the Marshall Islands

Did Oceanic Navigators Use Navigational Instruments?

Colonization, Continuity, and Connections

Cultural Attributes with Affinities to Mapping

European Accounts of Maori Maps and Mapping

Extant Maori Maps and Derivatives of Maori Maps

Conclusion

Topological Structure

Secular and Sacred

Cosmos, Circle, and Center

Landscape and Event

Closeness to the Human Lifeworld

The Way Ahead

Bibliographical Index

General Index, Ellen D. Goldlust-Gingrich

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Last Updated: 5 September 1998.